Pragmatism is a philosophic school generally considered to have originated in the late
nineteenth century with Charles Peirce, who first stated the pragmatic maxim. It came to
fruition in the early twentieth-century philosophies of William James and John Dewey and,
in a more unorthodox manner, in the works of George Santayana. Pragmatists consider
practical consequences or real effects to be vital components of both meaning and truth.
Other important aspects of pragmatism include anti-Cartesianism, radical empiricism,
instrumentalism, anti-realism, verificationism, conceptual relativity, a denial of the fact-value
distinction, a high regard for science, and fallibilism.

Dogmatism is the established belief or doctrine held by a religion, ideology or any kind of 
organization, thought to be authoritative and not to be disputed, doubted or diverged from.